Austrian winter pea, sometimes called "black
pea" and "field pea" is a cool-season, annual legume with good,
nitrogen-fixing capabilities. This, and related pea species, are native to the
eastern Mediterranean and western Asia. Early introductions eventually became
established as a fall-seeded crop in the southeastern states as far north and
west as Oklahoma and in the coastal sections of Washington and Oregon. In
modern times, Austrian winter pea has been well adapted to the Palouse areas
of Washington, Idaho and Oregon.
Description
Austrian winter pea is a low-growing, viny legume
which has been shown to fix over 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year under
good conditions in Idaho. It has hollow, slender and succulent stems, 2 to 4
feet long. The foliage is pale green, and the flowers are colored, usually
purple, pink or reddish. The leaf consists of one to three pairs of leaflets and
terminal branched tendrils. Pods are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long with three to five
round, dark-colored seeds. Seed color is commonly gray with purple or brown
mottles. Seed size is fairly large with test weights of 55 to 60 pounds per
bushel.
Adaptation
As the name implies, Austrian winter pea has good
winter-hardiness and can be successfully grown fall-seeded in the intermountain
region valleys, as well as in the Palouse regions of Washington, Idaho and
Oregon. It has been grown fall-seeded with acceptable success in the Bozeman and
Fort Benton areas of Montana. However, during severe winters, when the small pea
plants are exposed to long periods of sub-zero weather without snow cover, they
may be winterkilled. Austrian winter pea can also be grown spring-seeded as a
summer annual in the areas mentioned above. Spring-planted Austrian winter peas
should be seeded as early as possible in the spring at approximately the same
time as spring wheat and barley. Successful crops were grown in the Bozeman area
in 1987 with April 14 and April 19 seeding dates. Delayed seeding often reduces
both the quality and yield of peas.
